Last updated: 03/14/2026
Kalshi sues Arizona & Iowa; MI Robinhood & Kalshi cases reassigned to judge that rejected Polymarket’s motion for TRO; NV Kalshi & Polymarket cases remanded back to state court (again); Robinhood lawsuit against MA dismissed again & Robinhood appeals dismissal to First Circuit;
This post will attempt to track every legal action around the country involving sports event contracts, both at the state and federal levels. Here is a spreadsheet of basic case information.
Below is a quick update on each lawsuit by type & state. Information on upcoming court hearings in bold. Click on the hyperlink in the state name to scroll down to more detailed case information.
Litigation between states and prediction markets:
- Nevada –
- State Court: NGCB files civil enforcement action against Coinbase 2/2/2026 and Polymarket 1/29/2026; Judge grants NGCB motion for temporary restraining order against Polymarket; state court issues temporary restraining order against Coinbase; Polymarket removes case to federal court 2/5/2026; NGCB takes civil enforcement action against Kalshi 2/17/2026 & Kalshi quickly removes case to federal district court.
- District Court: Judge Gordon dissolves Kalshi’s injunction 11/25/2025 and denies both Kalshi & Robinhood’s motions to stay 12/16/2025; Judge Du remands both Polymarket & Kalshi cases back to state court 3/2/2026; Polymarket & Kalshi quickly file for administrative stay with Judge Du. Du grants Kalshi stay pending appeal & recalls remanded case from state court before denying motion and remanding Kalshi to state court (again); Du orders Polymarket’s case transmitted to state court on 4/6/2026
- Ninth Circuit: Joint motion to consolidate Kalshi & Robinhood cases; Denies Kalshi motion to stop Nevada enforcement action 2/17/2026; consolidated oral arguments for Kalshi, Robinhood, & Crypto.com appeals scheduled 4/16/2026;
- New Jersey – Kalshi wins injunction; NJ appealed to Third Circuit; oral arguments held 9/10/2025
- Maryland – Judge sided with state; Kalshi appealed to Fourth Circuit; MD not enforcing ban during appeal; Oral arguments scheduled May 7, 2026 with Neal Katyal representing Kalshi.
- Ohio – Judge denies Kalshi motion for preliminary injunction 3/9/2026; Kalshi files appeal to Sixth Circuit
- New York (Kalshi) – NY agrees not to enforce C&D while court rules on injunction; judge denies request for oral arguments.
- Connecticut (Kalshi) – Judge pauses enforcement against Kalshi; oral arguments 2/11/2026.
- Connecticut (Coinbase) – Coinbase sues CT; Oral arguments 2/11/2026.
- Michigan –
- Coinbase sues MI AG in federal court 12/18/2025.
- MI AG sues Kalshi in state court 3/3/2026; AG file motion for restraining order 3/5/2026; Kalshi removed case to federal court 3/5/2025; federal case reassigned to Judge Maloney
- Polymarket sues MI AG in federal court 3/4/2026; motion for preliminary injunction rejected by Judge Maloney;
- Robinhood sues MI AG in federal court 3/4/2026; case reassigned to Judge Maloney;
- Illinois – Coinbase sues IL for preliminary injunction; oral arguments 2/24/2026
- Tennessee – Judges grants Kalshi motion for preliminary injunction 2/19/2026
- Utah – Kalshi sues Utah 2/23/2026; both parties agree to stay case while they discuss issues 3/4/2026
- Iowa – Kalshi sues Iowa 3/11/2026
- Arizona – Kalshi sues Arizona 3/13/2026
- Massachusetts –
- Kalshi: Judge Barry-Smith grants state motion for preliminary injunction on 2/6/2026 requiring geofencing; Kalshi is granted motion to stay injunction by state Appeals Court 2/17/2026; Supreme Judicial Court grants states appeal for direct review 3/5/2026, so case will skip state appellate court and go straight to state Supreme Court.
- Robinhood: Judge Stearns dismisses complaint a second time; Robinhood immediately files notice of appeal to First Circuit
- Polymarket: files suit 2/9/2026 in federal court; Polymarket & Mass agree to stay while Kalshi appeal heard.
Tribal cases
- California – Oral arguments on motion to dismiss reschedule for 4/30/2026
- Wisconsin – Tribe asks for a temporary inunction 12/17/2025; trial deadlines scheduled through 2027
Class action & Qui tam lawsuits:
- Kalshi Sport Prediction Market Litigation – Nationwide class action lawsuit filed against Kalshi; Yee, Pelayo, & Hallman cases in NY consolidated; consolidated complaint due 3/24/2026
- Illinois (Crypto.com) – Mark Lavery filed lawsuit over Illinois False Claims Act; case removed to federal court 9/8/2025. Kalshi files motion to dismiss 3/6/2026; Status conference 3/31/2026
- Illinois (Kalshi)- class action lawsuit filed 1/8/2026; Kalshi moves to transfer case to NY; plaintiff opposition to the motion to transfer is due 3/2/2026 and Kalshi reply is due 3/16/2026
- Alabama (Kalshi) – class action lawsuit filed 1/29/2026; plaintiffs and defendants motion to move case to NY
- New York #4 (Polymarket) – A class action lawsuit filed against Polymarket 2/4/2026
- New York #5 (Polymarket) – Another class action lawsuit filed against Polymarket 2/11/2026
- Florida (Crypto.com) – Class action lawsuit filed against Crypto.com 2/13/2026
- Oregon (Kalshi) – Class action lawsuit filed 2/20/2026
- California (Kalshi) – Class action lawsuit filed 3/5/2026 over the Iranian regime change market not resolving “YES” with the death of Ayatollah Khamenei.
“Statute of Anne” lawsuits (background):
- Ohio – Kalshi & Robinhood remove case to federal court; Plaintiff files to move case back to state court
- Kentucky – Federal judge remands case back to state court 3/3/2026
- Illinois – Plaintiff motion to remand case back to state court
- Massachusetts – Hearing on 12/3/2025;
- South Carolina – Plaintiff motion to remand case back to state court;
- Georgia – Judge denies plaintiff motion to remand case to state court 02/03/2026
- Illinois – Mark Lavery lawsuit against Kalshi; Kalshi files motion to dismiss 3/6/2026
Note that the following cease-and-desist letters and state investigations have not prompted any legal action as of yet.
Other state authorities that issued a cease-and-desist letter to prediction markets, with no litigation to date:
- Montana Gambling Control Division (3/26/2025)
State authorities threatening operator licenses over any relationship with prediction markets:
- Ohio Casino Control Commission (8/25/2025)
- Arizona Gaming Department (9/15/2025)
- AGD informs Underdog it plans to revoke its fantasy sports contest operator license (12/5/2025)
- Michigan Gaming Control Board (10/3/2025)
- Nevada Gaming Control Board (10/15/2025, 11/25/2025)
- Illinois Gaming Board (10/27/2025)
- Massachusetts Gaming Commission (11/13/2025)
- Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Commission (11/19/2025)
- Louisiana Gaming Control Board (12/5/2025)
Additionally, the Washington State Gambling Commission has called using Kalshi “illegal” within the state; a second statement said, “Offering events-based contracts or participating in these markets is not authorized in Washington State.” Regulators in Kansas and North Carolina have public acknowledged monitoring Kalshi and the various lawsuits. The Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board sent a letter to the CFTC and another to the state’s Congressional delegation expressing its concerns over sports event contracts. The Arkansas Attorney General’s office issued an opinion that Kalshi is illegal gambling.
Nevada
Kalshiex, LLC v. Hendrick
Case No. 2:25-cv-00572
US District Court, District of Nevada
KalshiEX, LLC v. Hendrick
Case No. 2:25-cv-00575
US District Court, District of Nevada
Judge Andrew P. Gordon (Obama)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor,
KalshiEX, LLC v. Dreitzer, et al. (formerly KalshiEX, LLC v. Hendrick)
Case No. 25-7516
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Judges
CourtListener
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Hendrick (Crypto.com)
Case No. 2:25-cv-00978
US District Court, District of Nevada
Judge Andrew P. Gordon (Obama)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor,
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. State of Nevada (Crypto.com)
Case No. 25-7187
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Judges
CourtListener
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer et al
Case No. 2:25-cv-01541
US District Court, District of Nevada
Judge Andrew P. Gordon (Obama)
CourtListener
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer, et al
Case No. 25-7831
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Judges
CourtListener
Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize, Inc. et al. (Polymarket)
Case No. 26 OC 00012 1B
District Court for Carson City
Judge Jason D Woodbury
Docket 02/20/2026
State of Nevada ex rel Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize (Polymarket)
Case No. 3:26-cv-00089
US District Court, District of Nevada
Judge Miranda Mai Du (Obama)
CourtListener
Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Coinbase
Case No. 26 OC 00030 1B
District Court for Carson City
Judge Kristin Luis
Docket 02/20/2026
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Ford
Case No. 2:26-cv-00256
US District Court, District of Nevada
Judge Cristina D. Silva (Biden)
CourtListener
Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Kalshi
Case No. 26 0C 00050 1B
District Court for Carson City
Judge Jason D Woodbury
Docket 02/20/2026
State of Nevada v. KalshiEX,LLC
Case No. 2:26-cv-00406
US District Court, District of Nevada
Judge Miranda Mai Du (Obama)
CourtListener
Nevada v. KalshiEX, LLC
Case No. 26-1304
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Judges
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 03/04/2025 | The Nevada Gaming Control Board (NGCB) issues a cease and desist order to Kalshi | Nevada Independent, iGB, Closing Line, Gaming Intelligence, Prediction News, |
| 03/28/2025 | Kalshi sues NGCB seeking injunction (2:25-cv-00575) | CoinTelegraph, |
| 04/08/2025 | Judge Gordon grants Kalshi’s request for a preliminary injunction against NGCB (2:25-cv-00575) | Covers, iGB, Prediction News, |
| 06/02/2025 | Judge Gordon allows Nevada Resort Association (NRA) to intervene in Kalshi lawsuit (2:25-cv-00575) | Twitter, Next, CDC Gaming, |
| 06/03/2025 | Crypto.com sues NGCB over event contracts (2:25-cv-00978) | Cointelegraph, |
| 06/06/2025 | Judge Gordon denies Kalshi motion to dismiss (2:25-cv-00575) | SBC Americas, |
| 08/01/2025 | Kalshi files for summary judgement; hearing scheduled 8/22/2025. (2:25-cv-00575) | Twitter, Event Horizon, |
| 08/19/2025 | Robinhood sues NGCB over event contracts (2:25-cv-01541) | |
| 08/22/2025 | Motion Hearing re: Staying Discovery. Magistrate Judge Brenda Weksler using the Schrader Test she created. | Transcript, Grant Mainland, Jessica Whelan, Adam Hosmer-Henner, |
| 09/03/2025 | Magistrate Judge Weksler rules denies Kalshi’s motion to stay discovery. (2:25-cv-00575) | Twitter, CasinoBeats, InGame, SBC Americas, |
| 09/17/2025 | Magistrate Judge Weksler extends Kalshi discover deadline from 10/1/2025 to 1/31/2026 (2:25-cv-00575) | Twitter, |
| 10/02/2025 | Judge Gordon denies Crypto.com motion for preliminary injunction against NGCB at hearing. | InGame, SBC Americas, Odds Shark, Decrypt, |
| 10/14/2025 | Judge Gordon issues written order denying Crypto.com preliminary injunction. | Twitter, Gamling911, InGame, Points and Figures, |
| 10/15/2025 | NGCB issues notice #2025-77 threatening operator licenses for associating with prediction markets. | Brownstein, |
| 10/17/2025 | NGCB files emergency motion to dissolve Kalshi’s preliminary injunction. | Twitter, |
| 10/21/2025 | Judge Gordon schedules hearing on dissolving Kalshi’s temporary injunction and Robinhood’s restraining order jointly for 11/14/2025 at 9:30am PST. (2:25-cv-00575) | |
| 10/24/2025 | Crypto.com agrees to not offer sports event contracts after 11/3/2025 in Nevada while appeal Judge Gordon’s decision from 10/14/2025. | Twitter; World Casino News, CDC Gaming, CasinoBeats, |
| 10/31/2025 | Kalshi response to NGCB emergency motion to dissolve Kalshi’s preliminary injunction. (2:25-cv-00575) | Twitter, |
| 11/12/2025 | NGCB issues notice #2025-90 about surrender of Flutter’s (FanDuel) license 11/12/2025. | Twitter, Twitter, InGame, BMR, |
| 11/13/2025 | Crypto.com appeals Judge Gordon’s ruling to the Ninth Circuit. (25-7187) | |
| 11/14/2025 | At joint hearing for Kalshi & Robinhood cases, Judge indicates he’ll dissolve preliminary injunction preventing NGCB from taking action against Kalshi. | Bloomberg (Paywall), Prediction News, Review Journal, |
| 11/25/2025 | Judge Gordon dissolves Kalshi’s preliminary injunction against NGCB. Kalshi files for a stay pending appeal of the decision. Separately, Gordon denies Robinhood’s motion for a temporary restraining order against NGCB. (2:25-cv-00575) | Bloomberg (Paywall), SBD, InGame, iGB, Event Horizon, Front Office Sports, Prediction News, Decrypt, VitalLaw, |
| 11/25/2025 | Robinhood and Crypto.com agree not to operate in Nevada during their respective appeals, while Kalshi refuses. NGCB issues notice #2025-100 re-affirming its threat to operator licenses for associating with prediction markets. | Casino.org, |
| 12/12/2025 | Robinhood appeals Judge Gordon’s ruling to the Ninth Circuit. (25-7831) | |
| 12/16/2025 | Judge Gordon denies Kalshi motion to stay his order dissolving the preliminary injunction & denies Robinhood motion to stay order denying its motion for an injunction pending Robinhood’s appeal. (2:25-cv-00575) | Twitter, SBC Americas, SBD, Covers, ReadWrite, |
| 12/17/2025 | Kalshi appeals Judge Gordon’s decision denying a stay pending appeal to the Ninth Circuit. | ReadWrite, |
| 01/14/2026 | Judge Gordon grants Kalshi motion to stay any dispositive ruling but discovery will continue. (2:25-cv-00575) | Gambling Insider, Gambling News, Gambling America, |
| 01/16/2026 | NGCB files civil enforcement action against Polymarket in state court. (26 OC 00012 1B) | Twitter, Gambling Insider, Gaming Intelligence, Press Release, |
| 01/29/2026 | State Court judge grants temporary restraining order against Polymarket. Hearing on preliminary injunction scheduled for 2/11/2026. (26 OC 00012 1B) | Twitter, Front Office Sports, |
| 02/02/2026 | NGCB files civil enforcement action against Coinbase in state court, seeking a temporary restraining order. (26 OC 00030 1B) | Twitter, Press Release, |
| 02/04/2026 | Former CFTC Chairman Chris Giancarlo, former CFTC General Counsel Kari Larsen, & former SEC Chief of the Crypto Assets and Cyber Unit A. Kristina Littman files an amicus brief on behalf of Crypto.com related to CFTC jurisdiction. (25-7187) | Twitter, |
| 02/04/2026 | Coinbase countersues Nevada in federal District Court. (2:26-cv-00256) | Twitter, |
| 02/05/2026 | State court judge issues temporary restraining order against Coinbase & schedules hearing 2/17/2026. (26 OC 00030 1B) | Twitter, |
| 02/05/2026 | Polymarket removes case from state court to federal District Court. (3:26-cv-00089) | Twitter, |
| 02/10/2026 | Nevada AG’s office informs Ninth Circuit it will seek civil enforcement action against Kalshi on 2/17/2026. (25-7516) | Wallach X, Kim X, SportsHandle, SBC Americas, Gambling Insider, |
| 02/11/2026 | To prevent Nevada from taking civil action, Kalshi files an emergency motion for administrative stay with Ninth Circuit. (25-7516) | Wallach X, Gaming America, |
| 02/12/2026 | Magistrate Judge Weksler hears arguments on Crypto.com’s motion for a a protective order prohibiting discovery. (2:25-cv-00978) | Bransfield X, |
| 02/17/2026 | Ninth Circuit denies Kalshi motion for administrative stay from 2/11/2026. (25-7516) | Wallach X, Decrypt, WSJ (Paywall), |
| 02/17/2026 | CFTC files amicus brief on behalf of Crypto.com in its Ninth Circuit appeal. (25-7187) | Press Release, Gambling Insider, Prediction News, |
| 02/17/2026 | NGCB files civil enforcement action against Kalshi in state court (26 0C 00050 1B). Kalshi quickly removes case to federal District Court. (2:26-cv-00406) | Press Release, Wallach X, Wallach X, CDC Gaming, Event Horizon, ReadWrite, Bloomberg Law (Paywall), |
| 02/24/2026 | Emergency hearing for Polymarket (3:26-cv-00089) & Kalshi (2:26-cv-00406) cases in federal District Court before Judge Du over NGCB motion to remand cases back to state court. | |
| 03/02/2026 | Judge Du remands Polymarket (3:26-cv-00089) & Kalshi (2:26-cv-00406) cases back to state court. Polymarket asks for administrative stay. | Wallach X, |
| 03/03/2026 | Kalshi files for administrative stay with Judge Du & files notice of appeal to Ninth Circuit. (26-1304) | Wallach X, Yogonet, Bransfield X, |
| 03/04/2026 | Judge Du grants Kalshi stay pending appeal & recalls remanded case back from state court. | Bransfield X, |
| 03/12/2026 | Judge Du denies Kalshi’s emergency motion to stay the NGCB civil enforcement action against Kalshi pending appeal of the court’s remand order and remands case back to state court. Judge Du also denies Polymarket’s motion for stay but delay transmittal until 4/6/2026 | Wallach X, |
New Jersey
Kalshiex, LLC v. Flaherty
Case No. 1:25–cv–02152
US District Court, District of New Jersey
Judge Edward S. Kiel (Biden)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor,
Case No. 25-1922
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
Chief Judge Michael Chagares (Bush 43), Judge David Porter (Trump), and Senior Judge Jane Roth (Bush 41)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Flaherty
Case No. 1:25-cv-14723
US District Court, District of New Jersey
Judge Edward S. Kiel (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 03/27/2025 | New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement (NJDGE) issues cease and desist to Kalshi. | SBC Americas, Covers, |
| 03/29/2025 | Kalshi sues NJDGE (25–cv–02152) | Cointelegraph, Crypto Times, Twitter, Event Horizon, The Block, |
| 04/24/2025 | Casino Association of NJ files an amicus brief | PlayNJ |
| 04/28/2025 | Judge grants preliminary injunction | Holland & Knight, PlayNJ, Prediction News, |
| 05/08/2025 | NJ appeals preliminary injunction to Third Circuit (25-1922) | SBC Americas, CDC Gaming, |
| 05/16/2025 | Third Circuit grants NJ motion to expedite appeal (25-1922) | Twitter, |
| 05/21/2025 | NJ & Kalshi agree to stay District Court Case while appeal is before Third Circuit. | Twitter, |
| 06/17/2025 | Amicus briefs filed in support of NJ’s appeal by 60 tribes and 9 tribal organizations, anti-gambling groups, coalition of 34 state Attorney Generals, Casino Association of NJ, American Gaming Association | Twitter, SBC Americas, GGB News, GamblingNews, Event Horizon, Prediction News, Prediction News, |
| 08/19/2025 | Robinhood sues NJDGE (1:25-cv-14723) | |
| 09/10/2025 | Oral arguments held before Third Circuit. (25-1922) | Audio, Transcript, 50¢ Dollars, ReadWrite, Casino Beats , Bloomberg (Paywall), Prediction News Update, CCN, CDC Gaming, Law360 (Paywall), Cothran opinion, |
Maryland
Kalshiex LLC v. Martin et al
Case No. 1:25-cv-1283
US District Court, District of Maryland
Judge Adam B. Abelson (Biden)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Case No. 25-1892
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
CourtListener, Justia
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin (Crypto.com)
Case No. 1:25-cv-1285
US District Court, District of Maryland
Judge Matthew J. Maddox (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 04/07/2025 | Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Commission (MLGCC) sends Kalshi a cease and desist order. | Covers, |
| 04/21/2025 | Kalshi sues MLGCC seeking a preliminary injunction (1:25-cv-1283) | GamblingInsider, Event Horizon, Covers, |
| 04/21/2025 | Crypto.com sues MLGCC on similar grounds (1:25-cv-1285) | |
| 05/29/2025 | Oral arguments held | Casino Beats, Casino.com, |
| 06/26/2025 | District Judge allows 27 tribes and 7 tribal organizations to file amicus brief | CDC Gaming, |
| 08/01/2025 | District Judge denies Kalshi motion for preliminary injunction. Maryland later agrees to withhold enforcement during appeals. | LegalSportsReport, WSN, Prediction News, Better Markets, |
| 08/01/2025 | Kalshi appeals to Fourth Circuit (25-1892) | National Law Review, Prediction News, |
| 09/12/2025 | Judge Maddox grants motion to stay proceedings in Crypto.com case pending Kalshi’s appeal to Fourth Circuit. | |
| 10/15/2025 | Kalshi files opening brief & appendix. | Law360 (Paywall), |
| 10/20/2025 | Kalshi investor Paradigm files amicus brief. | |
| 10/22/2025 | Underdog files amicus brief. | |
| 12/29/2025 | Amicus brief deadline for the Fourth Circuit. Anti-gambling groups, Professor Todd Phillips, Better Markets, 38 states, tribes, AGA file amicus briefs in support of Maryland. | SCCG, Gambling 911, |
Ohio
Kalshiex LLC v. Schuler et al
Case No. 2:25-cv-01165
US District Court, Southern District of Ohio
Judge Sarah D. Morrison (Trump)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Kalshiex LLC v. Schuler et al
Case No. 26-3196
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Judges
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 03/31/2025 | Ohio Casino Control Commission (OCCC) sends Kalshi a cease and desist order. | Hannah, Cleveland.com, SBC Americas, WTVG, Gaming America, |
| 08/25/2025 | OCCC threatens operator licenses over partnering with prediction markets. | Closing Line, iGB, InGame, SBC Americas, |
| 10/06/2025 | OCCC sends Kalshi a letter ordering the company to “comply with the Cease-and-Desist Letter and to notify the Commission in writing of such compliance by no later than October 20, 2025.” | |
| 10/07/2025 | Kalshi sues OCCC, seeking preliminary injunction for both the Cease-and-Desist order and threatening operators not to associate with prediction markets. (2:25-cv-01165) | Twitter, Columbus Dispatch, Bloomberg Law (Paywall), InGame, Regulatory Oversight, |
| 11/03/2025 | Informal Hearing Proceedings. Judge suggests coming preliminary injunction and merit stages. | Transcript, |
| 03/09/2026 | Judge denies Kalshi motion for preliminary injunction. | |
| 03/10/2026 | Kalshi files appeal of Ohio District Court judge’sruling to the Sixth Circuit. (26-3196) | Wallach X, Bankless, ReadWrite, SBD, The Block, Gaming America, |
New York
KalshiEX LLC v. Williams
Case No. 1:25-cv-08846
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Analisa Torres (Obama)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 10/24/2025 | New York State Gaming Commision (NYSGC) sends Kalshi a cease and desist order. | |
| 10/27/2025 | Kalshi sues NYSGC seeking injunction. (1:25-cv-08846) | Twitter, ReadWrite, Bloomberg Law, NEXT, ESNY, CoinDesk, |
| 10/28/2025 | NYSGC agrees not to enforce C&D order until court rules on injunction. | InGame, |
| 11/07/2025 | New York Assemblyman introduces bill (A.B. 9521) to regulate prediction markets. | Bloomberg Law (Paywall), |
Connecticut
KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli
Case No. 3:25-cv-02016
US District Court, Connecticut
Judge Vernon D. Oliver (Biden)
CourtListener
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong
Case No. 3:25-cv-02121
US District Court, Connecticut
Judge Vernon D. Oliver (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 04/01/2025 | News breaks of Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (CDCP) investigating Kalshi. | Covers, |
| 12/02/2025 | CDCP sends Kalshi a cease and desist order. | World Casino News, Covers, CoinGape, CT Insider, CCN, InGame, |
| 12/03/2025 | Kalshi sues CDCP seeking injunction. (3:25-cv-02016) | Bloomberg (Paywall), iGT, SBC Americas, |
| 12/08/2025 | Judge orders CDCP to pause enforcement before he decides on Kalshi’s request for injunction. | NEXT, |
| 12/18/2025 | Coinbase sues CT Attorney General (3:25-cv-02121) | Twitter, Prediction News, Decrypt, CoinPedia, |
| 02/05/2026 | CT Governor Ned Lamont requests legislation to limit prediction market trading to age 21 and up. | InGame, |
| 02/11/2026 | Judge Oliver holds combined Kalshi and Coinbase oral arguments. No ruling issued. | Wallach X, |
Michigan
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Nessel
Case No. 2:25-cv-14092
US District Court, Eastern District of Michigan
Judge Shalina D. Kumar
CourtListener
Nessel v. KalshiEX, LLC
Case No. 26-001087-CZ
Ingham County Circuit Court
Judge Rosemarie Aquilina
Case Search
Nessel v. KalshiEX, LLC
Case No. 1:26-cv-00731
US District Court, Western District of Michigan
Judge Paul Lewis Maloney (Bush 43)
CourtListener
QCX, LLC v. Nessel (Polymarket)
Case No. 1:26-cv-0710
US District Court, Western District of Michigan
Judge Paul Lewis Maloney (Bush 43)
CourtListener
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Nessel
Case No. 1:26-cv-00730
US District Court, Western District of Michigan
Judge Paul Lewis Maloney (Bush 43)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 04/04/2025 | Michigan Gaming Control Board (MGCB) confirms it has opened investigations into sports prediction markets. | LegalSportReport, |
| 12/18/2025 | Coinbase sues MI Attorney General in federal District Court (2:25-cv-14092) | Wallach X, Prediction News, Decrypt, CoinPedia, |
| 03/03/2026 | MI Attorney General sues Kalshi in Ingham County Circuit Court (26-001087-CZ) | Wallach X, hoodline, |
| 03/04/2026 | Polymarket sues Michigan AG in federal District Court (1:26-cv-00710) | Wallach X, Detroit Free Press, Gaming America, |
| 03/04/2026 | Robinhood sues Michigan AG in federal District Court (1:26-cv-00730) | Wallach X, Gambling Insider, |
| 03/05/2026 | MI AG file motion for temporary restraining order to prevent Kalshi from operating in Michigan (26-001087-CZ). Kalshi removes same case to federal court (1:26-cv-00731) | Wallach X, |
| 03/10/2026 | Judge Maloney denies Polymarket motion for temporary restraining order. (1:26-cv-00710) | Bransfield X, ReadWrite, |
| 03/11/2026 | Kalshi (1:26-cv-00731) & Robinhood (1:26-cv-00730) cases are reassigned to Judge Maloney. | Wallach X, |
Illinois
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Raoul
Case No. 1:25-cv-15406
US District Court, Northern District of Illinois
Judge Martha M. Pacold (Trump)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 04/01/2025 | Illinois Gaming Board (IGB) sends a cease and desist order to Kalshi. | |
| 10/27/2025 | IGB threatens operator licenses over any relationships with prediction markets. | |
| 12/18/2025 | Coinbase sues IL Attorney General (1:25-cv-15406) | Twitter, Prediction News, Decrypt, CoinPedia, |
| 02/04/2026 | Legislation introduced in Illinois General Assembly to ban sports event contracts, market makers, and require age limit of | Twitter, |
Tennessee
KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al
Case No. 3:26-cv-00034
US District Court, Middle District of Tennessee
Judge Aleta Arthur Trauger (Clinton)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 01/09/2026 | Tennessee Sports Wagering Council (TSWC) sends cease and desist order to Kalshi, Polymarket, and Crypto.com | CryptoBriefing, Event Horizon, Commstrader, Covers, The Block, |
| 01/09/2026 | Kalshi sues TSWC (3:26-cv-00034) | Twitter, SBD, |
| 01/12/2026 | Judge grants temporary restraining order against TSWC from taking action against Kalshi while court considers preliminary injunction. | Reuters, CoinDesk, |
| 02/03/2026 | Judge conducts a 3-hour, 50-minute oral argument on Kalshi’s motion for preliminary injunction. She did not issue a ruling and took the matter under advisement. (per Wallach) | Twitter, Gaming America, |
| 02/19/2026 | Judge grants Kalshi motion for preliminary injunction. | Casino.org, Cryptonews, Bloomberg Law (Paywall), |
Utah
KalshiEX LLC v. Cox
Case No. 2:26-cv-00151
US District Court, District of Utah
Judge Robert Shelby (Obama)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 02/17/2026 | Utah Governor Spencer Cox calls prediction markets gambling on X, and threatens to go to court. | Cox X, |
| 02/22/2026 | Utah Attorney General writes op-ed promising to take action against prediction markets. | DesertNews, |
| 02/23/2026 | Kalshi sues Utah seeking an injunction to stop the state from taking action against the prediction market. | Event Horizon, Gambling Insider, InGame, ABC4, |
| 03/04/2026 | Kalshi & Utah motion for stay as they “have engaged in discussions regarding the issues raised” | Wallach X, KUTV, Gaming America, |
Iowa
KalshiEX LLC v. Bird
Case No. 4:26-cv-00109
US District Court, District of Iowa
Judge Stephen H. Locher (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 03/11/2026 | Kalshi sues Iowa in federal District Court (4:26-cv-00109) | InGame, SPD, ReadWrite, Gaming America, |
Arizona
KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson et al
Case No. 2:26-cv-01715
US District Court, District of Arizona
Judge Michael T. Liburdi (Trump)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 05/21/2025 | Arizona Department of Gaming (ADG) sends Kalshi, Robinhood, & Crypto.com cease and desist orders | InGame, SBC Americas, NEXT, |
| 09/15/2025 | ADG threatens operator licenses over relationships with prediction markets. | |
| 12/05/2025 | ADG informa Underdog it intends to revoke its fantasy sports contest operator license. | iGB, |
| 03/11/2026 | Kalshi sues Arizona in federal District Court | Wallach X, SBC Americas, InGame, |
Massachusetts
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC
Case No. 2584CV02525
Suffolk County Superior Court, Civil Division
Judge Christopher K. Barry-Smith
Case Search
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC
Case No. 2026-J-0143
Massachusetts Appeals Court
Associate Justice Sabita Singh
Docket
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC
Case No. 2026-J-0143
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
Judges
Docket
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v Campbell et al
Case No. 1:25-cv-12578
US District Court, District of Massachusetts (Boston)
Judge Richard G. Stearns (Clinton)
CourtListener, Pacer Monitor
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC
Case No. 1:25-cv-12595
US District Court, District of Massachusetts (Boston)
Judge Richard G. Stearns (Clinton)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
QCX LLC, d/b/a Polymarket US v. Campbell
Case No. 1:26-cv-10651
US District Court, District of Massachusetts
Judge William G. Young (Reagan)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 09/12/2025 | Massachusetts Attorney General sues Kalshi in state court, seeking a preliminary injunction against Kalshi operating in the state. (2584CV02525) | Press Release, CoinDesk, Front Office Sports, Event Horizon, CNBC, Cointelegraph, SBC Americas, Law360 (Paywall), Gaming America, Reuters, Boston Globe (Paywall), WWLP, Regulatory Oversight, |
| 09/15/2025 | Robinhood sues AG for a permanent injunction in federal court. (1:25-cv-12578) | Twitter, Bloomberg Law, Boston Globe (Paywall), FNG, Casino Beats, Comped, |
| 09/16/2025 | Kalshi removes case to federal court. (1:25-cv-12595) | Twitter, LegalSportsReport, |
| 09/18/2025 | Robinhood files for preliminary injunction against AG. | Twitter, |
| 10/09/2025 | Massachusetts introduces motion to dismiss Robinhood lawsuit. | FNG, |
| 10/20/2025 | Judge grants tribes motion to file amicus brief. | |
| 10/24/2025 | Robinhood response to tribes amicus brief. | |
| 10/28/2025 | District Court judge remands Kalshi case back to state court. | Twitter, InGame, CDC Gaming, ReadWrite, |
| 11/12/2025 | Hearing on Robinhood’s motion for preliminary injunction. | |
| 11/13/2025 | Massachusetts Gaming Commission (MGC) threatens operator licenses for partnering with prediction markets. | Twitter, Twitter, InGame, Defi Rate, NBC10 Boston, |
| 11/13/2025 | Judge Stearns grants state’s motion to dismiss Robinhood lawsuit. (1:25-cv-12578) | Bloomberg Law (Paywall), |
| 12/09/2025 | Oral argument in Suffolk County Superior Court (2584CV02525). Judge won’t issue a decision until January, and will call both parties back before the decision takes effect. | Twitter, Reuters, SBC Americas, CDC Gaming, InGame, Mass Lawyers Weekly, Prediction News, Casino.org, |
| 01/08/2026 | Judge Stearns agrees to rehear decision to dismiss Robinhood’s lawsuit now that it is contracting with a second DCM, ForecastEx. (1:25-cv-12578) | Bloomberg (Paywall), |
| 01/20/2026 | State Superior Court Judge Barry-Smith grants preliminary injunction against Kalshi. (2584CV02525) | Bookies.com, Prediction News, Covers, Bloomberg Law (Paywall), KSNV, Reuters, LegalSportsReport, |
| 01/23/2026 | Hearing on Kalshi preliminary injunction before Judge Barry-Smith (Zoom Meeting ID: 161 888 7367). Kalshi files emergency motion for stay, and injunction is delayed. | Twitter, Covers, Prediction News, |
| 01/27/2026 | Judge Barry-Smith issues his “preliminary views” Kalshi injunction. | Twitter, |
| 02/06/2026 | Superior Court enters preliminary injunction against Kalshi requiring statewide geofencing implementation within 30 days and denies Kalshi’s motion for a stay of the injunction pending appeal. | Twitter, CBS, iGB, |
| 02/09/2026 | Polymarket sues Massachusetts in federal District Court. (1:26-cv-10651) | Twitter, Axios, CDC Gaming, Bloomberg (Paywall), Gambling Insider, ReadWrite, |
| 02/11/2026 | Kalshi seeks stay of Superior Court judge’s preliminary injunction with the the Massachusetts Appeals Court. (2026-J-0143) | Wallach X, |
| 02/17/2026 | Massachusetts Appeals Court stays preliminary injunction and expedites the appeal. (2026-J-0143) | Kim X, InGame, |
| 03/05/2026 | Judge Young grants Polymarket & Mass. AG joint motion to stay litigation & enforcement until Kalshi appeal is exhausted. (1:26-cv-10651) | |
| 03/05/2026 | Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court grants direct appellate review (DAR), allowing appeal to skip state appeals court. (DAR-30806) | Wallach X, |
| 03/13/2026 | Judge Stearns dismisses Robinhood lawsuit against state for a second time & Robinhood files notice of appeal to First Circuit (1:25-cv-12578) |
California Tribal lawsuit
Blue Lake Rancheria et al v. KALSHI INC. et al
Case No. 3:25-cv-06162
US District Court, Northern District of California
Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley (Biden)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Blue Lake Rancheria et al v. KALSHI INC. et al
Case No. 25-7504
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Judges
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 07/22/2025 | Three federally recognized tribes sue Kalshi over violating the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, seeking an injunction. (3:25-cv-06162) | Tribal Business News, Event Horizon, SBC Americas, Covers, Prediction News, |
| 09/04/2025 | Tribes file for preliminary injunction. Hearing set for October 23 at 10 am PST in San Francisco. | Twitter, FX News Group, Law360 (Paywall), Front Office Sports, Casino Beats, SBC Americas, SiGMA World, |
| 10/31/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood both file a motion to dismiss. Oral arguments requested for 3/19/2026. | ReadWrite, Law360 (Paywall), |
| 11/10/2025 | Judge denies tribes request for preliminary injunction against Kalshi. | Twitter, InGame, Bloomberg Law (Paywall), Event Horizon, SBC Americas, CDC Gaming, Law360 (Paywall), iGT, CasinoBeats, NEXT, Prediction News, LegalSportReport, iGB, |
| 11/25/2025 | Tribes notice appeal of denial of preliminary injunction to the Ninth Circuit (25-7504) |
Wisconsin Tribal lawsuit
Ho-Chunk Nation v. Kalshi Inc. et al
Case No. 3:25-cv-00698
US District Court, Western District of Wisconsin
Judge William M. Conley (Obama)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 08/20/2025 | Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin sues Kalshi over violating the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, seeking an injunction. (3:25-cv-00698) | Closing Line, SBC Americas, FNG, Courthouse News Service, ReadWrite, Gaming America, World Casino News, Journal Sentinel (Paywall), |
| 11/21/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood each file motion to dismiss | ReadWrite, |
| 12/17/2025 | Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin asks for a preliminary injunction of Kalshi from operating on its lands during case. | Twitter, ReadWrite, |
| 01/06/2026 | Indian Gaming Association, six other tribal organizations, and 16 tribes file amicus brief. | Bloomberg, |
Class action & Qui tam lawsuits
Kalshi Sport Prediction Market Litigation (fka Yee v. Kalshi)
Lead Case No. 1:25-cv-08585
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Jennifer L. Rochon (Biden)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Pelayo v. Kalshi Inc.
Case No. 1:25-cv-09913
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Jennifer L. Rochon (Biden)
CourtListener,
Hallman et al v. KalshiEX LLC et al
Case No. 1:26-cv-00317
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Jennifer L. Rochon (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 10/16/2025 | Daniel Yee files nationwide class action lawsuit in Southern District of New York (1:25-cv-08585) | Twitter, Casino.org, CasinoBeats, |
| 11/26/2025 | Crystal Pelayo and others file a class action lawsuit in Southern District of New York (1:25-cv-09913) | Twitter, Bloomberg (Paywall), Incrypted, Covers, ReadWrite, SBC Americas, iGB, Cryptopolitan, |
| 12/16/2025 | Milbank requests on behalf of Kalshi & plaintiffs to suspend pretrial conference and related deadlines. Kalshi intends to move to compel arbitration and to move to dismiss the Complaint. | |
| 01/13/2026 | Alexander Hallman and others file a class action lawsuit in Southern District of New York (1:26-cv-00317) | Twitter, CasinoBeats, ReadWrite, |
| 02/06/2026 | Yee, Pelayo, and Hallman cases consolidated into Yee, now called Kalshi Sport Prediction Market Litigation (1:25-cv-08585). Pelayo and Hallman are administratively closed. |
The State Of Illinois, Ex Rel. Mark Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (Crypto.com)
Case No. 2025L000545
Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois
Judge
Case Search
The State Of Illinois, Ex Rel. Mark Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (Crypto.com)
Case No. 1:25-cv-10815
US District Court, Northern District of Illinois
Judge John J. Tharp, Jr (Obama)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 08/06/2025 | Mark Lavery sues Crypto.com for making false claims on behalf of State of Illinois (2025L000545) | |
| 09/08/2025 | Crypto.com removes case to federal court (1:25-cv-10815) | |
| 03/06/2025 | Kalshi introduces motion to dismiss the case. |
Josephson v. Kalshi, Inc.
Case No. 1:26-cv-00220
US District Court, Northern District of Illinois
Judge Lindsay C. Jenkins (Biden)
CourtListener
Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al
Case No. 2:26-cv-00071
US District Court, Middle District of Alabama
Judge R. Austin Huffaker Jr. (Trump)
CourtListener
Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al
Case No. 1:26-cv-01924
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Jennifer L. Rochon (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 01/29/2026 | Christopher Jennings files a class action lawsuit in Alabama. (2:26-cv-00071) | Twitter, ReadWrite, iGT, |
| 02/26/2026 | Venue moved from Alabama to Southern District of New York and case renumbered (1:26-cv-01924) |
Diego v. Blockratize, Inc. (Polymarket)
Case No. 1:26-cv-00973
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Margaret Garnett (Biden)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 01/13/2026 | Lorenzo Miro San Diego files a class action lawsuit in Southern District of New York (1:26-cv-00973) | Twitter, |
Yoon v. Blockratize, Inc. (Polymarket)
Case No. 1:26-cv-01160
US District Court, Southern District of New York
Judge Edgardo Ramos (Obama)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 02/11/2026 | Alexander Yoon files a class action lawsuit in Southern District of New York (1:26-cv-01160) | Wallach X, |
Keohohou v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (Crypto.com)
Case No. 1:26-cv-20996
US District Court, Southern District of Florida
Judge K. Michael Moore (Bush 41)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 02/13/2026 | Kamana Keohohou & Nicholas Evans file a class action lawsuit in Southern District of Florida (1:26-cv-20996) |
Reynolds v. Kalshi Inc.
Case No. 3:26-cv-00336
US District Court, Oregon
Magistrate Judge Youlee Yim You
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 02/20/2026 | Ian Reynolds files a class action lawsuit in Oregon federal District Court (3:26-cv-00336) | Wallach X, ReadWrite, |
Risch v. KalshiEX LLC
Case No. 2:26-cv-02390
US District Court, Central District of California
Magistrate Judge Karen L. Stevenson
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 03/05/2026 | Adam Risch and Yonatan Gliksman files a class action lawsuit in California federal court against Kalshi over the Iranian regime change market not resolving “YES” with the death of Ayatollah Khamenei. (2:26-cv-02390) | Reuters, |
Statute of Anne lawsuits
Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC
Case No. 2025CV01517
Mahoning County Court of Common Pleas, Ohio
Case No. 4:25-cv-01573
US District Court, Northern District of Ohio
Judge Benita Y. Pearson (Obama)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Case No. 4:25-cv-01574
US District Court, Northern District of Ohio
Judge Benita Y. Pearson
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 06/11/2025 | Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC files suit in Mahoning County Court (2025CV01517) | FrontOfficeSports, InGame, |
| 07/28/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood both remove case to federal court (4:25-cv-01573 & 4:25-cv-01574) | |
| 07/31/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood cases are consolidated in to Case No. 4:25-cv-01573. Case No. 4:25-cv-01574 is closed. | |
| 08/25/2025 | Ohio Casino Control Commission (OCCC) threatens licenses of sportsbooks who entered the prediction market space or associate with a DCM offering sporting event contracts. | Closing Line, CDC Gaming, SiGMA, OddsShark, NEXT, ReadWrite, |
| 08/27/2025 | Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC files to remand case back to state court. |
Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC
Case No. 25-CI-00512
Franklin County Circuit Court, Kentucky
Judge: Thomas D. Wingate
Case Search
Case No. 3:25-cv-00053 (Robinhood)
US District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky (Frankfort)
Judge: Gregory F. Van Tatenhove (Bush 43)
CourtListener,
Case No. 3:25-cv-00054 (Kalshi)
US District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky (Frankfort)
Judge: Gregory F. Van Tatenhove (Bush 43)
CourtListener,
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 06/11/2025 | Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC files suit in Franklin County Circuit Court (25-CI-00512) | FrontOfficeSports, InGame, |
| 10/20/2025 | Robinhood and Kalshi each removes case to federal court (3:25-cv-00053 & 3:25-cv-00054) | Twitter, VitalLaw, |
| 11/18/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood cases are consolidated in to Case No. 3:25-cv-00054 | |
| 11/19/2025 | Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC motion to remand case to state court | |
| 03/03/2026 | Federal District Court judge remands case (3:25-cv-00054) back to Franklin County Circuit Court |
Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC
Case No. 2025L007524
Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois
Case Search
Case No. 1:25-cv-11374 (Robinhood)
US District Court, Northern District of Illinois
Judge Manish S. Shah (Obama)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Case No. 1:25-cv-11394 (Kalshi)
US District Court, Northern District of Illinois
Judge LaShonda A. Hunt (Biden)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 06/11/2025 | Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC files suit in Suffolk County Superior Court (2025L007524) | FrontOfficeSports, InGame, |
| 09/19/2025 | Kalshi and Robinhood each removes case to federal court (1:25-cv-11394 & 1:25-cv-11374) | |
| 9/29/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood cases are consolidated in to Case No. 1:25-cv-11374 | |
| 10/20/2025 | Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC files motion to remand case back to state court |
Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC
Case No. 2584CV01630
Suffolk County Superior Court, Civil Division
Case Search
Case No. 1:25-cv-12705 (Kalshi)
US District Court, District of Massachusetts
Judge F. Dennis Saylor IV (Bush 43)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Case No. 1:25-cv-12707 (Robinhoond)
US District Court, District of Massachusetts
Judge Richard G. Stearns (Clinton)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 06/11/2025 | Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC files suit in Suffolk County Superior Court (2584CV01630) | FrontOfficeSports, InGame, |
| 09/22/2025 | Kalshi and Robinhood each removes case to federal court (1:25-cv-12705 & 1:25-cv-12707) | Twitter, |
| 10/31/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood cases are consolidated in to Case No. 1:25-cv-12705 |
South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC
Case No. 2025CP3700563
Oconee County Court of Common Pleas, South Carolina
Case Search
Case No. 8:25-cv-12867 (Kalshi)
US District Court, District of South Carolina
Judge Bruce Howe Hendricks (Obama)
CourtListener
Case No. 8:25-cv-12859 (Robinhood)
US District Court, District of South Carolina
Judge Bruce Howe Hendricks (Obama)
CourtListener
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 06/11/2025 | South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC files suit in Suffolk County Superior Court (2025CP3700563) | FrontOfficeSports, InGame, |
| 10/08/2025 | Kalshi and Robinhood each removes case to federal court (8:25-cv-12867 & 8:25-cv-12859) | CasinoBeats, VitalLaw, |
| 10/10/2025 | Kalshi & Robinhood cases are consolidated in to Case No. 8:25-12859 | |
| 11/06/2025 | South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC files motion to remand case back to Oconee County Court |
Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC
Case No. SC2025CV001749
State Court of Muscogee County (Muscogee State Court 2)
Judge Pythias Temesgen
Case search
Trellis
Case No. 4:25-cv-00310
US District Court, Middle District of Georgia
Judge Clay D. Land (Bush 43)
CourtListener, PacerMonitor
Case No. 4:25-cv-00311 (Robinhood)
US District Court, Middle District of Georgia
Judge Clay D. Land (Bush 43)
PacerMonitor
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 06/12/2025 | Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC files suit in Muscogee County State Court (SC2025CV001749) | |
| 10/02/2025 | Kalshi and Robinhood each removes case to federal court (4:25-cv-00310 & 4:25-cv-00311) | Law360 (Paywall), |
| 10/07/2025 | Kalshi and Robinhood cases consolidated into one (4:25-cv-00310) | |
| 11/03/2025 | Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC moves to remand case back to state court. | |
| 02/03/2026 | Judge denies Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC motion to remand the case back to state court. |
Lavery v. Kalshi
Case No. 1:25-cv-14184
US District Court, Northern District of Illinois – Eastern Division
Judge Matthew F. Kennelly (Clinton)
CourtListener,
| Date | Event & Filings | Media |
| 11/19/2025 | Mark Lavery sues Kalshi as a “bounty hunter” under Statute of Anne in Northern District of Illinois (1:25-cv-14184) |
Background on ‘Statute of Anne’ lawsuits
The original suits were all filed on June 11, 2025, in state courts of Kentucky, Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, and South Carolina, except for Georgia, which followed on June 12, 2025. The plaintiffs are all limited liability companies incorporated in Delaware on March 18, 2025. Delaware does not require corporate owners’ names to be disclosed in documents. The companies were all created with uniform names: Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC, Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC, etc. On October 2, 2025, Bloomberg reported that Veridis Management LLC and its chief executive, Maximillian Amster, were behind the six lawsuits.
All six complaints cite versions of the Statute of Anne, a British law passed under Queen Anne and commonly known as the “Gaming Act 1710.” To discourage gambling, losers can sue to receive their money back; if the loser fails to act within a set time, then a third party may sue on their behalf.
The original text of the 1710 law can be found in An Act for the better preventing of excessive and deceitful Gaming.
Below are the near-identical references (with section numbers) in the first six complaints.
Kentucky
5. The State of Kentucky has not yet entered the fray. But it does not need to. Like many States, Kentucky offers an additional safeguard against illegal, unregulated gambling: the Statute of Anne. Based on a 1710 British law passed during the reign of Queen Anne, that law makes certain gambling debts unenforceable. It allows a losing party to sue the winning party for the value of losses exceeding $5 at one time (or over the course of 24 hours). And should the losing party fail to sue within six months, it authorizes anyone to bring a claim against the inning party for three times the amount of damages (and costs).
Illinois
5. Like many States, Illinois offers an additional safeguard against illegal, unregulated gambling: its Loss Recovery Act. Based on a 1710 British law passed during the reign of Queen Anne, that law makes certain gambling debts unenforceable. It allows a losing party to sue the winning party for the value of losses exceeding $50 (and for fees). And should the losing party fail to sue within six months, the statute authorizes anyone to bring a claim against the winning party for three times the amount of damages.
Massachusetts
5. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has not yet entered the fray. But it does not need to. Like many States, Massachusetts offers an additional safeguard against illegal, unregulated gambling: its Statute of Anne. Based on a 1710 British law passed during the reign of Queen Anne, that law makes certain gambling debts unenforceable. It allows a losing party to sue the winning party for the value of losses. And should the losing party fail to sue within three months, the statute authorizes anyone to bring a claim against the winning party for three times the amount of damages.
Ohio
6. Like many States, Ohio offers an additional safeguard against illegal, unregulated gambling: its Statute of Anne. Based on a 1710 British law passed during the reign of Queen Anne, that law allows a losing party to sue the winning party for the value of gambling losses plus fees. And should the losing party fail to sue within six months, the statute authorizes any third party to bring a claim against the winning party to recover those losses and fees also.
7. Defendants have operated in Ohio without regard to the State’s legal limits for years. Each year, they take tens of millions of dollars from Ohio gamblers. But under the State’s Statute of Anne, each time Defendants caused a gambler in Ohio to suffer gambling losses, that person had the right to sue for recovery of those losses. And after six months, any person may sue for those losses on the victims’ behalf. In filing this action, Plaintiff takes just that step.
South Carolina
5. The State of South Carolina has not yet entered the fray. But it does not need to. Like many States, South Carolina offers an additional safeguard against illegal, unregulated gambling: the Statute of Anne. Based on a 1710 British law passed during the reign of Queen Anne, that law makes certain gambling debts unenforceable. It allows a losing party to sue the winning party for the value of losses exceeding $50 (and for fees). And should the losing party fail to sue within three months, it authorizes anyone to bring a claim against the winning party for four times the amount of damages (and costs). The recovery is split evenly between the suing party and the County in which the gambling occurred.
Georgia
5. The State of Georgia has not yet entered the fray. But it does not need to. Like many States, Georgia offers an additional safeguard against illegal, unregulated gambling: O.C.G.A. § 13-8-3. Based on a portion of the 1710 British law passed during the reign of Queen Anne (“the Statute of Anne”), that law makes certain gambling debts unenforceable. It allows a losing party to sue the winning party for the value of losses. And, should the losing party fail to sue within six months, it authorizes anyone to bring a claim to recover the losing party’s gambling losses.